As November rolls in, it’s the perfect time to raise awareness for Mouth Cancer Action Month, a cause dedicated to spotlighting an often-overlooked health issue. Mouth cancer, or oral cancer, is on the rise, yet early detection and simple lifestyle changes can make a powerful difference. Here’s what you need to know—and share with those you care about.

Why Mouth Cancer Awareness is So Important

Oral cancer can affect the lips, tongue, cheeks, and throat, yet it doesn’t always get the attention it deserves. Thousands of new cases are diagnosed each year, and early detection dramatically improves treatment outcomes. Awareness truly saves lives, and knowing the risk factors and symptoms could make all the difference.¹

Key Risk Factors to Keep in Mind

Understanding what increases the risk of mouth cancer is the first step. Some major factors include:

• Tobacco Use: Smoking or chewing tobacco is a leading contributor.
• Alcohol Consumption: Excessive drinking, especially alongside tobacco use, can double the risk.
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Certain HPV strains are linked to oral cancer.
• Diet: A diet low in fruit and vegetables can increase risk.
• Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure without lip protection can lead to lip cancer.^2,3

Spotting the Early Symptoms

Early detection is key, so here are some signs to watch for:

• Persistent sores or ulcers in the mouth that don’t heal within three weeks.
• Lumps or thick patches in the mouth or on the tongue.
• Red or white patches in the mouth.
• Unexplained pain or tenderness in the mouth or throat.
• Difficulty swallowing, persistent hoarseness, or sore throat.

If you or someone you know notices any of these symptoms, seeking medical advice is crucial.^4,5

Is There a Microbiome Connection?

Yes! Researchers are delving deeper into the connection between the oral microbiome and its impact on cancer risk. The oral cavity is home to a complex ecosystem of bacteria, both beneficial and harmful. When this balance is disrupted - often due to factors like poor oral hygiene, dietary choices, smoking, or underlying health conditions - it can lead to an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria.

Notably, bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, commonly associated with periodontal (gum) disease, have drawn particular interest. These microorganisms are linked to local inflammation and suspected of contributing to systemic effects that may promote carcinogenesis. P. gingivalis has been shown to interfere with immune responses and produce virulence factors that enable chronic inflammation that can turn into a pro-carcinogenic environment. F. nucleatum has been specifically implicated in colorectal cancer, with studies demonstrating that it can infiltrate tumour tissues and influence cancer progression by modulating immune responses and facilitating tumour cell adhesion and migration.^6,7

These findings underscore the potential of the oral microbiome as a biomarker for early detection and risk assessment of certain cancers. As understanding deepens among the scientific community, novel preventive or therapeutic strategies could be developed. Such approaches might include the use of targeted probiotics, antimicrobial agents, or even dietary modifications designed to maintain or restore a balanced oral microbiome, thus reducing inflammation and potentially lowering cancer risk.

Step Up the Antioxidants: Foods to Support Oral Health

While no single food or supplement can prevent mouth cancer, including antioxidant-rich, anti-inflammatory foods in your diet can help support your body’s defences:

• Green Tea: Packed with catechins like EGCG, green tea may inhibit the growth of cancer cells and support overall cellular health.
• Cruciferous Vegetables: Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower contain sulforaphane, a compound that may help reduce cancer risk by enhancing the body’s natural detox processes.
• Berries: High in antioxidants like vitamin C and polyphenols, berries can protect cells from DNA damage and reduce inflammation, all while supporting a healthy gut.
• Curcumin (Turmeric): Known for its potent anti-inflammatory effects, curcumin may inhibit cancer-promoting pathways in the mouth.
• Vitamin D: While not specific to oral cancer, vitamin D supports immune function, helping your body recognise and eliminate abnormal cells.^8,9

The Takeaway

Good oral health starts with simple, regular habits: brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups all help maintain a balanced oral microbiome, potentially lowering the risk of mouth cancer. Avoiding tobacco, moderating alcohol intake, eating a diet rich in antioxidants, and managing stress also contribute to a healthier microbiome.

While we await future therapies that may target specific bacteria, these lifestyle interventions can make a big difference today. This November, let’s spread awareness, share knowledge, and encourage healthier habits to protect ourselves and our loved ones.